Efeito antialérgico do probiótico Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei na síndrome da asma e rinite alérgica combinadas (CARAS) experimental

Abstract

Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome (CARAS) is a chronic disease that affects the respiratory system, characterized by the coexistence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the same individual. Its pathogenesis is marked by a type 2 immune response (TH2), characterized by eosinophilia and increased serum levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Evidence suggests that pulmonary and intestinal microbiota play a significant role in the homeostasis of the immune system, and the emerging use of probiotics has shown antiallergic effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oral supplementation with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (Lp) in an experimental CARAS model. Female BALB/c mice (n=5) were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA, 5 mg/mL), challenged with OVA (5% in saline solution), and supplemented orally with Lp (1 x 109 CFU) or treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), one hour before each antigen challenge. The experimental protocols were approved by the CEUA/UFPB (7316150420). The allergic animals supplemented with Lp showed a decrease in serum levels of OVA-specific IgE (p < 0.001) and the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 (p < 0.001), associated with increased levels of IFN-γ (p < 0.01). Additionally, Lp supplementation reduced clinical signs of allergic rhinitis such as sneezing and nasal rubbing, as well as histamine hyperreactivity. In the lungs of allergic animals supplemented with Lp, there was attenuation of altered histological aspects, such as reduced cellular infiltrate, decreased mucus deposition, and reduced extracellular matrix deposition. Therefore, the preliminary results obtained in this study indicate that the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei has an antiallergic effect, promoting a shift in the immune response from TH2 to TH1 type and consequently improving clinical signs and the histological aspects of the lungs, characteristic of the pathophysiology of CARAS.