Vulnerabilidade socioambiental frente aos riscos de desastres climáticos na região pluviométrica do Cariri/Curimataú paraibano

Abstract

Studies on vulnerability are mostly developed in urban areas, as it is in these areas that the largest number of people occupying risk areas subject to hydrometeorological disasters are concentrated. However, areas that have a semi-arid climate and are susceptible to a high succession of dry years, which favors a greater occurrence in the outbreak of climatic disasters, also present vulnerabilities in this scenario. In view of this, the present research aims to analyze the different degrees of socio-environmental vulnerability in the face of the risks of climatic disasters in the rainfall region of Cariri/Curimataú in Paraíba. Regarding the methodological procedures, the research is in line with the proposal defined by Cunico et al. (2021) and, through this, it was possible to identify syntheses that reflect the condition of infrastructure, income and social situation, which superimposed, resulted in social vulnerability by census sector; susceptibility to drought/drought and socio-environmental vulnerability, the latter resulting from the overlapping of social vulnerability and susceptibility to drought/drought. For each

synthesis, as well as for social vulnerability, susceptibility to drought/drought and socio- environmental vulnerability, five classes were established, ranging from very low to very high

vulnerability conditions. In addition, a survey was carried out of the ordinances for recognizing climate disasters and the disaster information forms, which provide data about the damages and losses caused by them for the period from 2003 to 2016, whose supply is made available. through the website of the Integrated Disaster Information System – S2ID, maintained by the Ministry of Regional Development. Regarding the results, the 35 municipalities analyzed account for 431 census sectors, thus, it was found that in the infrastructure synthesis, the municipalities present a good condition, that is, they are inserted in the very low and low classes; the income synthesis showed a variation between very low and high classes; in the synthesis of the social situation, the sectors are inserted in the very low to middle classes. As for social vulnerability, there is a greater concentration of sectors in the middle class, however, in the very upper class, of the 431 sectors accounted for in the study area, 21 sectors are included in it. With regard to susceptibility to drought/drought, the lower class has the largest number of sectors, totaling 176. With regard to socio-environmental vulnerability, the classes that indicate a high degree of vulnerability, established by the upper and very high classes, add up to 52 census sectors, being 39 rural sectors. Regarding climate disasters, it was found that during the 14 years of analysis, 642 occurrences were recorded, with the highest number of affected (205,630 and 253,031 respectively) in the years 2003 and 2016. An economic loss of around R$ 362,317,767.50 was recorded for the study area, encompassing the agriculture, livestock and services sectors and, in relation to social losses, there are records of damages to the water supply, education and in health. That said, the research becomes important for the possibility of subsidizing studies on the subject in semi-arid areas, as well as for managers, aiming to mitigate the damage to which the resident population is exposed, due to climatic disasters.