A investigação criminológica por meio das estatísticas oficiais criminais na segurança pública: Contando a elucidação dos inquéritos policiais de homicídios na Paraíba

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to analyze how the national public security policy deals with the administrative and legislative guidelines of official criminal statistics, especially regarding the computation of homicides, the conclusions of their investigations, clarifications and motivations. It is a qualitative analysis of the quantitative criminal knowledge, considering that criminal statistics are the input in the production of diagnoses in order to individualize and know the criminal phenomenon. The absence or inconsistency of these inputs contributes to the little effectiveness of the actions and programs that are intended to intervene in the processes of crime, conflicts and violence, in addition to less production of studies and applied research on public policies. It also slips into the non-application of concepts such as transparency and publicity of the performance of the institutions of the criminal prosecution system in the protection of human rights. In this context, the problem that arises is what kind of methodological treatment is being given by the national public security policy to official criminal statistics, especially regarding the homicide data and the calculation of these cases? We start from the hypothesis that there are inconsistencies, gaps and silences in national politics and other institutional spheres of the public security and criminal justice system in this area. The research is structured structurally based on general western knowledge in criminal statistics, going through its national developments from the Empire to the present day, and finally focusing on the experience of the Paraíba security plan and the follow-up of the investigations of police investigations of homicides, which provides a reflection on the possibility of building national indicators for this measurement. The methodological development took place by the reflexive inductive approach, and by the combination of historical, statistical and empirical methods of support supported by a bibliographic and documentary analysis: legislative and federal and state administrative documents. The conclusions of the research resulted in the confirmation in part of the hypothesis, as to the gaps and deficiencies in the follow-up of the definitive stages of the investigation of homicides, with their conclusions, clarifications and motivations, since only studies still incipient and legislation awaiting regulations address the issue. However, there is an extensive history of formal regulatory frameworks in the country on criminal statistics and more recently, after the 2000s, in the perception of the indispensability of the elaboration of public policies with the goals of knowledge, prevention and reduction of crimes, based on their information. There was also the construction of standardization and official uniformity in the computation of homicides, through the National Secretariat for Public Security, and the state security plans, but which only privilege the preliminary moment of registering these occurrences.