Influência da amamentação na imunidade do lactente: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Breastfeeding is recognized as one of the main protective factors for infant health, contributing to the development of the immune system and the prevention of diseases throughout life. This study aimed to analyze the influence of breastfeeding on infant immunity through an integrative literature review. The search was conducted in scientific databases using pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analyzed studies demonstrated that breast milk contains a wide variety of bioactive components, including proteins, immunoglobulins, cytokines, growth factors, oligosaccharides, and its own microbiota, which act synergistically in the maturation and modulation of the baby's immune system. Evidence suggests that these elements strengthen the defense barriers against pathogenic agents, reduce the risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, and are also related to a lower prevalence of allergies and chronic diseases in the future. It is concluded that breastfeeding plays an essential role in the immunity of the infant, providing protection against infections and promoting healthy development. Therefore, the importance of encouraging and supporting breastfeeding as a fundamental public health strategy is reinforced.