Guerra em foco: o conflito Rússia-Ucrânia sob as lentes de editoriais pelo mundo

Abstract

The coverage of the war between Russia and Ukraine, which began in February 2022, quickly became one of the main focuses of international media, not only due to its geopolitical and military scope, but also because of its economic, diplomatic, and humanitarian effects. News reporting, in this context, is constructed in a way that presentsthe scene from a particular angle; the selection of what to emphasize and what to leave out creates meaning aimed at producing an effect on the audience. From this perspective, the study compares the conflict coverage in editorials from Folha de S. Paulo, The New York Times (NYT), and Al Jazeera during the first year of the war, examining the news framings and possible alignments among media systems. The corpus, collected from official websites, was subjected to topic modeling (LDA/BERTopic) to map thematic regularities, which were then analyzed and systematized through the lens of framing theory. The results indicated a predominant frame in Folha de S. Paulo, which nationalizes narratives from an economic perspective; the American newspaper showed greater internalization of the conflict through a domestic political lens; and in Al Jazeera, the most prominent frame presents criticism of authoritarianism and the selectivity of international law. Taken together, the findings suggest a closer alignment between Folha and the NYT than with Al Jazeera, reflecting political history and strategic interests while maintaining Western specificities. The study thus aims to contribute a replicable method for comparative research in media and foreign policy.