Avaliação dos temas interdisciplinares no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) na área de ciências da natureza no período 2009-2024

Abstract

One of the guiding principles of this study was to consider the assessment process and the conditions required for passing the National High School Exam (ENEM). Therefore, the following question was formulated: How have disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary aspects been emphasized in the National High School Exam (ENEM) in the area of Natural Sciences and their Technologies? In this context, this study aims to analyze the questions on the National High School Exam (ENEM) in the area of Natural Sciences and their Technologies from 2009 to 2024, emphasizing disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary aspects. The methodological approach used was qualitative and quantitative research, through a documentary analysis of the ENEM exams from 2009 to 2024, focusing on the Natural Sciences area. The collected data revealed limitations and challenges, especially when considering the critical development of individuals, ensuring social and ideological avoidance. Furthermore, these challenges are intertwined with the need for social participation, critical, autonomous, and interventionist development, motivating young people to seek knowledge, valuing teachers, and fostering a culture of decision-making regarding issues that emerge in the socio-educational environment and require dialogue. To contribute to the advancement of these debates, a modification to the ENEM knowledge topics was proposed, focusing on Biology. The relevance of this work in pursuing this data evaluation path can provide insights into test results nationwide, as well as foster research on ENEM microdata and explore formative paths in the context of individual development, in their initial educational process, as well as understanding the need for training for the social and civic context— achieved by teaching focused on the transversality and interdisciplinarity of the topics discussed and discussed in Basic Education.