Colaboração interprofissional na atenção primária à saúde em municípios vulneráveis

Abstract

Faced with the challenges and potential of interprofessional collaboration in the t xt f th u iqu h r t risti s f Br zi ‘s rur r s, th r f th F i y Health Strategy (FHS) in addressing the dynamics of healthcare in primary care is highlighted. As an objective, this study seeks to understand interprofessional collaboration of FHS teams working in rural areas of municipalities characterized by social vulnerability. This qualitative research, with an exploratory and descriptive approach, was conducted through non-participant direct observation and was structured by individual interviews, adopting a multiple case study format. Data collection involved 23 interviews with FHS professionals operating in rural areas of three municipalities in Brazil's northeast region, marked by social vulnerabilities. The analysis technique employed to develop the interpretation of collected data was dialectical hermeneutics. The results reveal that interprofessional collaboration in rural Brazil faces substantial limitations due to aspects such as infrastructure and professional mobility, compromising the continuity of care and the establishment of long-lasting bonds with the community. Territorial characteristics influence the delivery of health actions and services, presenting specific challenges to implementing collaborative and integrated practices in primary health care (PHC). The presence of multidisciplinary teams is significant for structuring PHC, though it does not inherently guarantee the realization of interprofessionality, as the lack of coordinated actions among professionals remains a recurring issue in the municipalities analyzed. Despite these adversities, PHC professionals reported competencies and technical skills to meet established goals and indicators, adapting to local particularities and fostering everyday interprofessional interactions. These interactions, involving professionals, users, and community members, form a fundamental axis for strengthening care, promoting more integrated, humanized, and territorial-needs oriented health services. It is essential to reinforce policies of permanent education in health and interprofessional training, alongside expanding adequate resources and infrastructure for team operations. Strategies that promote integration and collaborative work in rural health can contribute to a more efficient, equitable, and responsive PHC that meets the population's needs.