Caracterização de fluido de perfuração emulsionado e seu impacto na microbiota do solo

Abstract

This study investigated components of emulsion-based drilling fluids, aiming to identify sources of contamination and assess their impact on soil microbiota. To minimize environmental damage, two sustainable fluids were formulated using mollusk shell powder (MSP) as a filtrate reducer and saponified coconut oil (SCO) as a surfactant. The combination of these components ensured a stable emulsion and a reduction in filtrate volume without significantly compromising the viability of soil microorganisms. Microbiological analysis indicated that MSP and the viscosifying aqueous solution (GX) were the main contaminants, with results of 5.50×10² and 1.31×10⁵ CFU/mL respectively, while SCO exhibited bactericidal activity, with no microbial growth observed on the analyzed plates, contributing to reduced microbiological contamination. The fluids were tested in estuarine soil in accordance with ABNT NBR 10007:2004 standards, ensuring sample integrity. The results showed that the use of these bio-based additives in drilling fluids is an environmentally friendly alternative with no significant adverse effects on the viability of soil microorganisms. Thus, it was concluded that MSP and SCO are sustainable options for drilling fluid formulation, in compliance with current environmental regulations and the principles of the circular economy.