Entre a garantia formal e a proteção efetiva: uma análise das políticas migratórias brasileiras para mulheres venezuelanas entre 2017 e 2023

Abstract

This study analyzes whether Brazilian migration policies implemented between 2017 and 2023 ensured effective protection for Venezuelan women, considering the gender inequalities embedded in the migration process. The research is exploratory and descriptive, with a qualitative approach, and draws on bibliographic research, documentary analysis, and secondary data produced by CONARE, OBMigra, UNHCR, IOM, and DataMigraBI. The study examines the factors that intensified Venezuelan displacement, Brazil’s legal and institutional responses, and the concrete conditions affecting women’s integration into the country. The analysis employs the concepts of the feminization of migration, the gendered division of labor, global care chains, intersectionality, the coloniality of gender, and the care–control nexus. The findings indicate that Brazil established relevant mechanisms for documentation and regularization, recognition of refugee status, reception, and internal relocation. However, protection remained limited by inequalities related to labor market integration, income, unpaid care work, housing, healthcare, gender-based violence, xenophobia, and the unequal capacity of municipalities to provide public services. The study concludes that the policies analyzed produced important legal and institutional advances but did not ensure comprehensive and equal protection for Venezuelan women. Therefore, the protection provided was legally significant, yet materially partial and unequal.