Cartas nos jornais da Paraíba e do Rio de Janeiro no Império: a função do diretor e do professor na instrução pública

Abstract

This essay is a result of our research undertaken of the O Governista Parahybano (1850-1851) journal, at Paraíba province and Correio Mercantil Instructivo, Político e Universal journal (1848), and Diário do Rio de Janeiro (1850-1851), both from Court, whose objective is to analyze principal and teacher‘s function in the public education, of their respective townships. We took the journal as an object and source of the research in order to study the epistles published in the newspapers of the XIX century, which allow us to comprehend, even if in a restrict way, of a restrict period, their thoughts, their behavior and knowledge. We used as a theoretical and methodological basis the perspective of the New Cultural History, which are disassociated from a single proposal of analysis of the sources, in other words, the one linked to the discourse of official documents, as if they were the sole owners of the information considered amenable to analysis. Therefore, twelve journal‘s epistles were analyzed, of which six of these correspond to the function of the Principal and the other six relate to the role of the Teacher. We identified that the figure of the Principal in the epistles of journal of Rio de Janeiro, hold the responsibility to be informed about the enrollment of students, always informing their progress to the higher instances, and the figure of the Teacher in the epistles were used as a way to pressure them in sending school maps in given time.