Perfil energético do setor industrial de panificação: a percepção ambiental dos empresários frente à matriz energética na cidade de João Pessoa/PB

Abstract

Energy sources have been used for both the subsistence of the population and the economy sector since more ancient times. The Bakery sector is currently amongst the greatest industrial segments of Brazil, becoming an important employment generator and income distribution. The research carried out had as a methodological procedure the conduction of semi structured interviews, with a qualitative approach. Based on the list provided by the Industry and Bakery Syndicate of the State of Paraíba, some bakery industrial establishments have been selected in the city of João Pessoa/PB, separated in territorial areas: North, South, East and West. Variations in the energy source patterns have been detected according the analyzed territorial area. The North area presented electricity as the main source of energy adopted. Fire wood and remaining wood from construction sites represent a more expressive source in the South region. Whereas in the East area there has been a well-balanced dispute among the sources. In the West area firewood and residual wood from construction sites were pointed out as favorites for the generation of energy in its establishments. The obtained energy panorama shows that, in more peripheral areas, a rather distinct profile is noticed comparing to other areas. The reasoning of choice of matrix indicates as most important elements: environmental inspection and cost of energy.Companies were evaluated on parameters: managing the impact on the environment, environmental education, waste sorting, participation in committees, managing the company's impact on the neighboring community, relationships with local organizations, destination of production losses for social programs and health of employees following levels of evolutionary stage, 1-4. As to why the choice of energy source, some points that led to decide what source to use in their establishment were revealed. The main points mentioned, overall, were the following: environmental, cost, quality, ease, efficiency and hygiene. Entrepreneurs revealed that lack the action of public policies geared to your activity, where government incentives to occur and innovative technological improvements and changes in the enterprises would be crucial for a paradigm shift and decision making point