Avaliação das Mudanças Recentes na Matriz Energética Brasileira e nas Emissões de CO2 Através do Modelo Insumo- Produto

Abstract

The global energy mix, including Brazil, has shown changes as their main sources of energy, in order to ensure efficiency and continuity of the production process. In this sense, this work aims to verify, through the hybrid input-output, such as changes in the Brazilian energy matrix between 2000 and 2005 impacted the intensity of CO2 emissions in Brazil. The hybrid matrix built account the energy consumed in the production process as a whole, taking into account the energy consumed in the production of final goods as well as the as the one used in the production of intermediate goods. Such research is necessary because there is a growing concern about environmental issues, and increased use of energy, whatever the source, increases the emission of CO2 in the atmosphere at the same time that energy resources are fundamental inputs for growth economic. For this, we used the input-output hybrid contemplating energy sectors to meet both cross-industry fuel consumption and thus CO2 emissions. In addition, we use the structural decomposition analysis to assess whether the change in emission is a result of technological change or whether it is a result of a demand shock. The result observed is that between the years 2000 and 2005 was the replacement of more polluting sources by less polluting as gas, mainly in the sectors of oil refining. But the increase in energy intensity generated an increase in CO2 emissions despite the natural gas is less polluting. For the energy sector, this variation is due mainly to changes in final demand.