Análise da vulnerabilidade e gestão de risco a desastres por inundação em municípios do Vale do Açu/RN

Abstract

Floods are phenomena that happen frequently rains triggered by rapid, excessive or intense and long lasting. The problems caused by this phenomenon will depend, for example, the degree of occupation of areas surrounding water bodies by populations, as well as the frequency with which flooding occurs. Disasters are called "natural" common affecting societies around the world. Such an event may cause fatalities or permanent damage to the physical integrity of the affected population, as well as the destruction of occurrence of these areas and increased poverty due to damage to capital and productive. Due to these factors, it is necessary to conduct research to evaluate existing vulnerability and risk to flooding. This involves measuring the size and risk, in order to determine the efficiency of intervention measures, so that if there are activities compatible with the carrying capacity of the environment, thereby promoting sustainable development. This study aims to analyze the institutional management and disaster vulnerability in relation to flooding in municipalities of the Açu Valley/RN through the Local Disaster Indexes (LDI and LDI ), Risk Management Index (RMI), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The municipalities studied were Açu Ipanguaçu, Alto do Rodrigues, Pendências and Carnaubais. This study area was chosen due to the fact that, over the years this phenomenon is being increasingly applicant. The data used in this study were based on documents Damage Assessment (AVADAN), conducted by the municipalities to the Civil Defense of Rio Grande do Norte State and through questionnaires with municipal managers on the management of institutional year 2009. The results show that the highest values were found to LDI municipalities of Açu (99.86), Carnaubais (99.63), Ipanguaçu (99.44), and Pendências (98.63), and lowest for the municipality of Alto Rodrigues (46.77), the latter being thus less vulnerable to disasters caused by floods. Regarding the LDI', the council showed the lowest concentration of losses was the Alto do Rodrigues (0.67199), followed by to do (0.70522) and Carnaubais (0.71632). The municipalities that had the highest concentration were Açu (0.80459), and Ipanguaçu (0.74569). As for the RMI, the municipalities that best manages the flood risk were Ipanguaçu (25%), and Açu (22.9%), being qualified as reasonable. As a result we have: Pendências (13.9%), Alto do Rodrigues (10.4%), and Carnaubais (7.6%) classified as bad. As for AHP, the results (suggestions) show up differently for each municipality, as each invests in different ways. Finally, this study shows that these methods are useful tools for the analysis and recommended economic and sector in order to promote development policies, territorial local intervention and watershed protection, justify the transfer of resources to the local level with specific purposes of risk management and the creation of social safety nets.