Relação entre distúrbio vocal, fatores ocupacionais e aspectos biopsicossociais em professores

Abstract

Besides being important interpersonal communication mechanism, the voice also takes on the role of the main working tool for specific professions, such as teachers. And These occupations require high vocal demand that associated with certain kinds of factors may contribute to the increased prevalence vocal complaints at this population, limiting occupational activity and generating high financial and social costs. This study aimed To analyze the prevalence of vocal and biopsychosocial aspects associated with this disorder in teachers of municipal schools in the city of João Pessoa. To make it possible, there was a sectional and observational research, exploratory and descriptive analytic, between the months of September 2011 to March 2013. The final sample consisted of 270 professionally active teachers in elementary schools in the city of João Pessoa, coming from 21 schools. The subjects had s vocal sample collected by free software Praat (version 5.0.32) and answered four questionnaires (CPV-P, VAPP, STAI-trait, SRQ) aimed to assessing occupational factors, physical, social, emotional and psychological in the participants. The study was approved by the Department of Education and Culture of the city of João Pessoa and by the Ethics in Research from the CCS / UFPB. The software used for statistical analysis was the software livre R. To develop the decision model for dysphonia, it was used the Logistic Regression Model.To select the best model we used the AIC standard and to verify the validity and quality of the adjustment model we used the Hosmer-Lemeshow and Le-van Houwelingen Cessie and area under the ROC curve. The conclusions of the model were presented in odds ratio. The results showed that the prevalence of dysphonia in these professionals is 86.3% and that more than half of the sample (58.0%) presented change vocal mild to moderate. There is no consistence between the assessment by expert and the selfassessment made by the speaker himself, noting that, generally, the teacher tends to minimize his/her problem. High anxiety is present in 41.8% of the teachers and the presence of psychological distress was found in 30.0% of respondents. The logistic regression models for s risk factors and to the group variables physical, social, emotional and psychic related more dysphonia selected variables (respectively): Sex / weekly schedule / location for rest / loud noise / use voice in corner unprofessional practices and failures in voice / voice thin or acute / lack of appetite / difficulty in making decisions / not consider themselves more important than they think. The models could suggest a method of screening faster and more effective in large groups of teachers in order to make it easier the selection of people with higher risk of developing the vocal problem. However, this issue needs to be discussed more intensively in sectors responsible for worker health, including in our city where the actions directed to the health of professional teachers are scarce, limited and isolated.