O pagamento por serviços ambientais urbanos na política nacional de resíduos sólidos: instrumento para o desenvolvimento sustentável no espaço urbano

Abstract

The present dissertation focuses on the study of the economic instrument of environmental policy called payment for urban environmental services for social agents that contribute to the improvement of the quality of the urban environment as a fundamental instrument to promote the sustainable development of urban space. Among the chosen social agents, this work is based on the figure of the waste picker, whose waste disposal activity provides an important service to the collectivity by removing waste from the streets and sorting and recycling it by means of recycling. Due to this service provided, it is fair that the company, through the payment for urban environmental services that remunerates and encourages these behaviors. This research aims to demonstrate the payment for urban environmental services, based on the promotional function of the Law, is an important instrument to promote sustainable development in urban space and to implement the National Policy on Solid Waste. The payment for urban environmental services to the waste pickers finds numerous justifications. In the economic sector this is justified by the economy of virgin raw materials and energy resulting from the incentive to recycling, the economy in landfills and in the prevention of disasters. The social advantages consist in the inclusion of the collectors, through the complementation of their income, in the recognition of their work by society and in the incentive to associations and cooperatives of collectors. And in the environmental field, eliminating the externalities resulting from improper waste management. Through bibliographic and documentary research in the areas of Environmental Law, Urban Law and Economics, this research demonstrated that the payment for environmental services is an essential instrument to achieve the National Solid Waste Policy, in addition to making feasible the three dimensions of sustainable development in urban space, which are: economic, social and ecological.