A operação da divisão: desvelando as dificuldades dos/as alunos/as para a realização desta operação com os números naturais na visão do/a professor/a

Abstract

This monographic work aimed to identify the main difficulties of the students to carry out the operation of the division by the natural numbers in the view of the teacher. The general objective of the research was to identify the comprehension and the difficulties that the students of the 5th grade present about the accomplishment of the operation of the division by the natural numbers. And, as specific, check what the understanding about the difficulty of mathematical calculation by the student; analyze the problems identified in the calculation of the division by natural numbers, and verify which strategies or challenges are used by the student to account for the learning process of this mathematical operation. For that, the investigative approach was of the qualitative type, having as an instrument a questionnaire with open questions, for four teachers of Mathematics. Given the results, it is observed that the educators were emphatic in affirming that the students are aware of the difficulties that they present for the resolution of the division by the natural numbers. They can not use the main methods to effectively account for this calculation. But, on the other hand, they are scattered, have no interest in learning and some have learning problems. It was also verified that these difficulties have been dragging since the first years of schooling of the student, because they did not understand the basic notions for the accomplishment of this mathematical calculation. They can not relate the operation of the division to multiplication, which in the view of some teachers makes it even more difficult to solve this operation. Therefore, it is important to note that for the students to understand this calculation effectively, it is necessary for the teacher to work with problem situations, relating them to the students' daily routine, for, through new teaching methodologies and from practical situations, it becomes possible for them to present more interest and learn the content division with more effectiveness and social meaning.