Dinâmica intergeracional educacional: o efeito da estrutura familiar

Abstract

The present research aims to analyze the intergenerational educational dynamics in Brazil conditioned the family structure in the period from 2004 to 2015. Specifically, this work seeks to investigate the differences of intergenerational educational mobility considering biparental and single parent homes, this being the main objective. The study has as basic hypothesis that the degree of education of an individual is directly related to their income and that the family background is determinant in their educational trajectory. In order to evaluate the persistence of the educational effect of the parents on the educational level of the children, logit model regressions with the Demographic Census database were elaborated to analyze which variables influence this result. It was also used the Markovian transition matrices method, which is also the basis for a third method, to obtain the mobility indexes, based on the PNAD microdata for the period under analysis. The results suggest that there was a reduction in the educational persistence of children with poorly schooled parents for all regions of the country in the period in question. It has also been pointed out an increase in the average of the years of study, and mobility has been increasing over the years. It has been seen that in homes where there is a father and a mother, children are more likely not to remain in lower educational strata, that is, homes where there is a father and a mother, children achieve better results than in homes where there is only one parent or only mother. This finding points to a still very strong family effect perpetuating with regard to education in Brazil, where external effects are not yet capable of reducing this phenomenon. In the analysis by region and nation we saw that the average of educational persistence for the first stratum, parents little or no schooling, in the country decreased significantly, being the Northeast region the one that presents greater educational persistence of children with parents without education, and the Southeast region as the region with the lowest percentage.