Carvão ativado de endocarpo de macaúba (acrocomia aculeata) para adsorção de CO2 emitido pela queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

CO2 (carbon dioxide) is responsible for the contribution and increase of the greenhouse effect generating the increase of the earth heating. Over the years this high level of concentration has been increasing, causing drastic effects such as air pollution, acid rain, directly affecting the environment and the health of the population. Being the industrial and automotive sector that emits most CO2 , by burning fossil fuels fossil fuels: (oil, natural gas, coal). And the sugar and alcohol industry is also responsible for releasing millions of tons of carbon dioxide into the environment through the burning of the bagasse. Aiming to reduce the impact caused by the greenhouse effect, and with technological advances studies have been developed different techniques to capture and store CO2 , one of them is through adsorption with activated carbon. Activated carbon is a form of pure carbon with high level of porosity presenting properties attributed to its surface area. The production of activated carbon is generally of vegetable origin, in which the solid product is obtained through carbonization of wood, where the techniques used to obtain and its subsequent use determined the characteristics of the coal produced. Based on dry wood its yield is around 25 to 35% The Macaúba (acrocomia aculeata) also known as coconut of thorn, macaíba or coconut slimy is a palm belongs to the family of the Arecaceae and can reach 20 m of heights with diameter of 30 cm its bunches can weigh up to 60 kg producing from 4 to 6 curls per year and can live up to 100 years. The unmatched charcoal characteristic is the large internal surface located within the narrow pore network, where most of the adsorption process will take place and whose size and outside the pores also influence the adsorption selectivity through the molecular sieve effect The activation can be of physical form and chemical form: • Physical Activation: In physical activation the coal reacts with combined oxygen, water vapor or the mixture of the two CO2 , H2O. • Chemical Activation: It goes through a process of impregnation of activating agents that are Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2), Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) among others in the material still not carbonized, providing the formation of cross-links, thus the material becomes less prone to volatilization when subjected to high temperatures. When observed the data obtained, the coal with the largest surface area was chemically activated carbon 1180.1266 m² / g against 212.7739 m² / g, of the activated carbon physically and the larger the surface area the greater its adsorption power as the literature says .