Biodigestor de bancada para produção de biogás a partir de vinhaça: uma proposta para aulas experimentais.

Abstract

In this study of research and innovation, renewable fuel ethanol, of growing demand, carries with it a by-product of extreme importance for the environment, initially vinasse was used in its entirety to irrigate the plantation, because of its nutrient rich organic matter and mineral salts. And once studied, it became economically an alternative source for biogas production. Where its utility is increasingly explored and of utmost importance, such as: burn in its entirety in the boiler for steam generation, to drive the mills; to drive the gas turbines, coupled to an electric generator. This biogas is only obtained through a reactor or biodigester, the most used one is the Anaerobic Upflow Reactor (RAFA), which puts the raw material (vinasse), together with a biological agent (activated sludge), controlling the main factors (35 ° C) and pH (7.0), the medium metabolizes in some stages: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and sulfatogenesis, results in a biogas present composition composed of 55% to 65% CH4 and 30,0% to 35.0% CO 2, containing O 2, N 2, H 2 O and H 2 S to a lesser extent. The objective of this work was the evaluation of three laboratory biodigesters for laboratory use for practical classes, along with their concepts, functional didactic models and succinct apparent results. For the 1 - in natura biodigester - under observation for 33 days, with no methane gas formation; the biodigestor 2 - bovine waste - in 9 days, did not present methane gas formation, believing that by interruption to the leak of the balloon; and the biodigestor 3 - Lotus activated - in 9 days with temperature control (between 32º to 37º C), presented biogas formation positively. Thus, the results showed that the project was effective for the elaboration of a biodigestor for practical classes, and the third experiment was the one that presented the best results.