Laicidade do estado e ensino religioso no Brasil: trajetórias, desafios e perspectivas

Abstract

The religious teaching in public schools of Brazil is nowadays a problematic and complex debate because of the secular characteristic of the State and the historical traditions of schools when refers to confessional teaching. The question that stimulated such study was the one to identify which legal and educational barriers weakened the religious teaching and which way these teachings disfigure the secularity of the State. The research aims to analyze the barriers and actualizations on the promotion of this curricular component according to the national institutions involved on deliberative debates about religious teaching and their guiding documents. Among the main theorists on Religion, the Secularity of the State and the Religious Teaching, in the perspective of Human Rights it is cited Eliade (1989), Cecchetti (2016), Reimer (2013), Giumbelli (2001) and Santos (2014) and some others. The approach was quantitative; the method descriptive with field and documental bibliographic profile, using as instrument, the collection of data: semi structured interview, field diary and the guiding documents of religious teaching which the analyses were performed through technical analyses of content and argumentative analyses. The conclusions of the research revealed that the religious teaching is a territory of ideological disputes (threatened and threatening) in the historical and political context that expresses the ambiguities of relationship between State, Churches and Society, and highlights the fragility of Brazilian secularity. The study also exposed that the legal and educational barriers will only be outdated based on ideas of tolerance and respect towards diversity. Lastly, it is worth noting the importance of institutions and civil society to warrantee of rights and valorization of liberty and plurality of religion.