Direitos humanos e participação política: a representação no Congresso Nacional das deputadas negras nas eleições de 2014 e 2018

Abstract

This paper discusses the presence of black women in the Chamber of Deputies, focusing on the advantages of 2014, the first in the history of Brazil to contain the self-declaration of color / race of the candidates, and the previous ones of 2018, which she elected the largest female bench in the history of Congress. We observe that institutional racism constitutes a strong barrier for black women and men to occupy spaces of power. Access is hindered, not by written and pursued norms and rules, but by formal and informal objectives present in social relations that are reproduced in institutional and public spaces. The dominant analyzes that associate women with the private / domestic space and men with the public sphere are not sufficient to understand the under-representation of black women in politics. As a data collection instrument, we searched for records of black female candidates on the TSE website, research by the NGO, the Feminist Center for Studies and Advisory (Cfemea) and the Inter-Union Department of Parliamentary Advisory (DIAP). We also noticed changes with black women, who reached parliamentary terms in 2014 and 2018. The previous results that an intersection of race and gender contribute to greater disadvantage in the electoral race for black women, due to the cycle of vulnerability in which they are inserted. Socio-political impasses, lack of access to politics will be more accentuated, which will result in the lack of information on public policies for this group, which has human rights violated and denied on a continuous basis. This detailed analysis is formulated and discussed by black feminist theorists, such as: Lélia Gonzalez (1988), Beatriz Nascimento (1985), Sueli Carneiro (2003), Djamila Ribeiro (2017), Angela Davis (2016), bell hooks (2018), Grada Kilomba (2019).