Suplementação com fibra dietética: efeitos na pressão arterial, perfil metabolômico e polimorfismo C677T do gene MTHFR em mulheres com excesso de peso

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a complex and multifactorial clinical condition, characterized by persistent elevation of blood pressure and metabolic alterations. Despite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of AH and the implementation of effective prevention and treatment strategies, AH remains one of the biggest emerging public health problems in the world. In the etiological context, genetic factors, lifestyle are involved, and among these, food stands out. Dietary fiber has been associated with the prevention of changes in blood glucose, weight loss, dyslipidemia and, although not consensual, with the control of blood pressure. The regulation of blood pressure is involved with epigenetics, which created a new concept about the genetic inheritance and phenotypic regulation of an organism and could be better understood in the post-genomic era with metabolomics that allowed better identification of metabolic relationships. The study aimed to evaluate the metabolomic profile and influence of the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene after dietary fiber supplementation in overweight hypertensive women. A double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study with the formation of two groups: the experimental group, consisting of 14 overweight hypertensive women supplemented with 12 g/day of dietary fiber, and the placebo group (n=12) supplemented with 12 grams of cornstarch for 8 weeks. The sample consisted of women aged between 20 and 60 years. Anthropometric assessment, biochemical analyzes were performed before and after the intervention of serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDLc, LDLc, fasting glucose and C-reactive protein. ultrasensitive (us-PCR), as well as the analysis of the metabolomic profile through the 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique (1HRMN) and genotyping of the MTHFR gene polymorphism. The results obtained generated an article that was published on the metabolomic profile of hypertensive women with excess weight, supplemented with fiber. It was observed that after principal component analysis (PCA), there was an increase in the values of the following HDL-C metabolites according to the chemical-ppm shift (0.88, p=0.0000; 1.24, p=0.0010; 1.28, p=0.0000; 4.94, p=0.258), choline (3.65, p=0.0035) and hydroxybutyrate (1.20, p=0.0010) as well as a reduction in systolic blood pressure before and after the intervention. The analysis of the metabolomic profile by NMR in the serum of hypertensive and overweight women allowed the identification of metabolites, facilitating a better understanding of the metabolic pathways, which may help in the treatment of these pathologies when associated. Regarding the influence of the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and the metabolomic profile in response to fiber consumption, it was observed that women with CT/TT genotypes showed greater reductions in systolic blood pressure values after fiber intervention, as well as an increase in blood pressure. peak concentration area of various HDL and hydroxybutyrate metabolites in the CT/TT genotype group. It is concluded that the mixed dietary fiber intervention reduced systolic blood pressure, affected the metabolomic profile in overweight and hypertensive women and that the MTHFR gene C6777T polymorphism influenced this profilewomen, and that the C6777T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene influenced this profile.