Hipovitaminose D e associação com parâmetros bioquímicos em pacientes idosos hospitalizados com Covid-19

Abstract

Coronavirus 2019, Acute Severe Respiratory Virus Disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has broad symptoms of respiratory disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can cause symptoms of severe changes as symptoms. Among the main risk factors for COVID-19, advanced age stands out, which is also a risk factor for Vitamin D deficiency. In addition, studies show that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the severity of COVID-19. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of hypovitaminosis D with biochemical factors in elderly hospitalized with COVID-19. This research is a case series study, carried out with 140 elderly patients (age ≥ 60 years) hospitalized with COVID-19 in a hospital in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa-PB. Data on patient identification, need for admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and clinical outcome (discharge or death) were collected. The analysis of serum concentrations of Vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone, lipid, glucose and inflammatory profile was performed. Data were expressed as percentage, mean and standard deviation. The association between categorical variables was analyzed using the chi-square test and for numerical variables the t-test for independent samples was used. To correlate the association between vitamin D and biochemical parameters, Pearson's correlation was used. It was used as a reference for significant differences p<0.05. As a result, a frequency of 62.9% of hypovitaminosis D was observed, with a mean serum concentration of 28.76±19.0 ng/mL. The mean age of the sample was 73.2±7.78 years of age, and of these, 27.1% (n=38) required ICU care and 17.9% (n=25) died. Among the individuals who had hypovitaminosis D, there were statistically higher values of glycated hemoglobin (p=0.028), total cholesterol (p=0.005) and LDL (p=0.001). Vitamin D concentrations also correlated positively with hemoglobin (r=0.2; p=0.014) and negatively correlated with albumin (r= -0.2; p=0.010). No association was observed with parathyroid hormone, calcium and interleukin-6. Thus, we conclude that the elderly with COVID-19 in our study had high frequencies of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and that hypovitaminosis was associated with higher serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL and reduced levels of hemoglobin.