Análise do gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde em um hospital de ensino em João Pessoa-PB

Abstract

Inadequate Healthcare waste management exposes health professionals, waste handlers, patients, and the community to infections, toxic effects, percutaneous injuries, and burns. The potential transmission of pathogens through a single needlestick or sharp instrument occupational accident with contaminated blood is 33.3% for hepatitis B virus, 3.3% for hepatitis C virus and 0.31% for human immunodeficiency virus (MACHADO A, 2001). In addition to occupational hazards, most cases of hospital infections can be attributed to the inappropriate infectious waste disposal. According to the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (2001), in Brazil, between 5% to 15% of hospitalized patients acquire some kind of hospital-acquired infection. Healthcare waste is also responsible for causing environmental impacts, such as pollution and contamination of soil, air, water and groundwater. This study was conducted to analyze the procedures adopted in the management of healthcare waste in a teaching hospital in the city of João Pessoa-PB, considering the Technical Regulation established in the Brazilians resolutions No. 306/2004 of ANVISA and No. 358/2005 of CONAMA. The study adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach to data collection, and a SWOT analysis in order to systematize the results of the research. It was identified the waste generating units on each floor of the hospital, the healthcare waste classification by groups and the variation in the generation of infectious waste. The hospital presented a daily generation of infectious waste rate per beds of 1.08 kg.leito-1.d -1 . The variation in the generation of infectious waste showed a considerable growth between 2014 and 2017, going from 51.7 tons in 2014 to 72.3 tons in 2017. The management stages of the healthcare waste were verified, presenting failures in the segregation stage of the waste at the generation site, which can be related to the lack of training of the employees. The SWOT analysis has indicated that, despite the weaknesses of healthcare waste management overcoming their strengths, the opportunities presented are sufficient to minimize or eliminate negative internal factors.