Rede de cuidado especializado em pacientes com zumbido no Brasil: perfil profissional, métodos e técnicas de avaliação e intervenção

Abstract

Introduction: tinnitus is a sound perceived in the absence of an external sound source. It is considered a multicausal symptom and therefore requires a multidisciplinary approach, due to its etiological diversity, as well as the still restricted forms of treatment. The multidisciplinary approach to tinnitus remains a poorly researched field. Objective: to integratively review the literature regarding the main characteristics of multidisciplinary work in cases of tinnitus, as well as to investigate the specialized care network for patients with tinnitus in Brazil. Method: The dissertation is divided into two articles, the first being an integrative literature review that sought to identify what current studies bring about the main characteristics of multidisciplinary action in cases of tinnitus, discussing the intervention procedures used, seeking to define recommendations on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of tinnitus and the second a quantitative, field and cross-sectional research that aimed to interpret the current scenario of professionals specialized in caring for patients with tinnitus in Brazil. Results: in the integrative review, it was observed that four articles addressed the characteristics of multidisciplinary work in tinnitus and eight articles described procedures and techniques used in the multidisciplinary intervention in tinnitus; the results of article 2 showed that there are professionals working on tinnitus in 21 Brazilian states, most of the Southeast and Northeast regions, inserted mainly in the private sector and the majority in multidisciplinary teams that have at least an otolaryngologist and a speech therapist , presenting similar evaluative and therapeutic practices. Conclusion: it was possible to observe that the literature reinforces the importance of multidisciplinarity in tinnitus, the intervention methods are similar in the studies, however, contradicting some of them, bringing the need for further clinical trials to support the effectiveness of techniques innovations used in the treatment of tinnitus. It was also found that, although the number of professionals in Brazil is still small, in addition to not being well distributed geographically, there is a similarity in the evaluation and treatment methods used, as well as the multidisciplinary approach has become a reality in clinical practice , although more present in the private sector, which renews the prospects of the public affected by tinnitus, for the near future.