Os significados das frações e o Tangram : um estudo de propostas didáticas para os anos finais do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze didactic proposals with the use of Tangram for the study of fractions approached for the final years of Elementary School. We carried out a research characterized by being quantitative-qualitative, exploratory and bibliographical. The study was organized into 4 stages: study of the specific literature on the meanings of fractions (stage 1); identification of skills from the Final Years of Elementary School, back to the study of fractions (stage 2); survey of didactic proposals for the study of fractions with Tangram from TCC found in the repositories of federal universities in the Northeast (stage 3) and finally, categorization of proposals according to the school year, the object of knowledge, skills and the meaning of worked processing (step 4). The results reveal that the types of meanings of fractions can be characterized by part/whole, revenue as a ratio or revenue as a result of a division (quotient); Tangram is considered a didactic resource that facilitates the teaching of fractional numbers; among the 7 (seven) didactic proposals conducted in this study, 5 (five) contemplated the study of fractions as representing parts of a whole, 1 (one) brought the meaning of explanation as a reason and 1 (one) of obtaining as a result of a division (quotient). Observing the skills, we conclude that the set of activities learned can favor the development of students as expected learners for the 6th grade, however, it is recommended to explore other meanings of receiving in addition to the whole part meaning. Evidently, the work must be continued and expanded, applying to Final Years classes, analyzing and monitoring the performance of students.