Estressores psicológicos em mães de filhos diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista

Abstract

Objective: to verify the sociodemographic profile and analyze the levels of psychological stressors in mothers of children diagnosed with ASD. Methodology: This is a prospective, quantitative study with a descriptive and exploratory approach. The collection was carried out at the Fundação Integrada de Apoio à Pessoa com Deficiência (FUNAD), located in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, during March and April 2023. The study had as inclusion criteria mothers of children with autism assisted by FUNAD; mother's age equal to or older than 18 years; child diagnosed with ASD; being the main caregiver of the child and accept to participate in the research, by signing the Free and Informed Consent Term; and as exclusion criteria, not having the ability to answer the research questions and instruments; child without conclusive diagnosis; and not being the main caregiver of the child. Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS version 25.0 computer program, attributing a significance level of 95% (p>0.05). Results: The sample totaled 153 mothers, 71.4% are 34 years old or older, 52.9% are married or in a stable relationship, 55.6% have completed or incomplete high school and 46.4% have currently developed health problems. Of the mothers, 88.9% have some perception of stress, with 53.6% of them classified as moderate to high levels. Discussion: This study highlights that mothers with atypical children face significant changes in their lives. These changes often reflect the loss of personal identity in the face of exclusive dedication to care. This context is suggestive of relevant stressors, which affect the quality of life and the perception of one's own well-being. Conclusion: Therefore, in addition to the assistance provided to people with ASD, it is necessary to extend social and health support to their families, especially mothers, who represent the main caregivers of their children