Gênero e ruralidade: investigando o mercado de trabalho das trabalhadoras rurais do Brasil 2012-2022

Abstract

In recent decades, the role of women in the economy and society as a whole has undergone rapid and significant transformations. Despite significant advances in terms of women's inclusion in the Brazilian labor market, there is still a low level of use of women's work capacity as female participation rates are lower than those observed in some countries. The markers of gender inequalities can become even more highlighted when rural areas are considered, the setting for work activities, considering that women enter, or seek to enter, the labor market, for more emphatic reasons than those men, such as the presence of children, the acceptance of other family members and the presence of elderly people, which can result in greater expenses and, therefore, the need for additional labor within the family. The Brazilian rural environment is a traditionally patriarchal environment, in which male productive work predominates. The rural labor market is still supported by a logic of gender inequality, which translates into the invisibility of female work, low representation, precarious work and low pay for women. The main objective is to describe women's participation in rural areas, from their insertion to the present, as this insertion does not have a long history. The relevance of this study is demonstrated by the way that female work is still unfeasible and surrounded by prejudice. The basis used to obtain data was the continuous PNAD (National Household Sample Survey), which monitors the quarterly fluctuations and promotions over different periods of time, of the workforce, in addition to the information necessary for the study of socioeconomic development of the country can be carried out. The period analyzed in this work is from 2012 to 2022, aiming to analyze the dynamics and main changes in the female labor market, in rural areas in a specific interval of 10 years (IBGE). When analyzing variables such as hours worked, color and race, education and occupation position in the labor market, the results showed that rural women are still in an unfavorable scenario.