Ser preto em páginas brancas: análise de ilustrações do processo de evolução da espécie humana em livros didáticos de história

Abstract

This work analyzes illustrations related to the teaching of history on the theme of the process of evolution of the human species in five textbooks. The selection criterion was the availability of access to the material. Our problem was identifying images that symbolize the minimization and invisibility of black people in these illustrations. Our objective is to identify the presence of whiteness as a structural element in its creation. Specifically, understand whether Law 10,639/2003 changes this visual panorama and expand the availability of teaching support material. The time frame is centered between the years 2002 and 2014, that is, before and after the promulgation of this Law. Our primary source is the textbooks selected from my career as a history teacher in the Final Phase of Elementary School in public schools. education. The theoretical-methodological path is structured in the bibliographical review of the main theoretical frameworks that underlie discussions on Brazilian educational legislation, basically, PCNs, Law 10,639/2003 and BNCC; in the study of semiotics for the analysis of illustrations, questions about the use of images in education and in the propositional dimension, we will prepare a manual, attached, as paradidactic support material aimed at the pedagogical training of teachers of the history discipline, called, “How to read images for ethnic-racial education”, with the purpose of serving as a subsidy for analyzing this type of illustration. In this aspect, it also serves as support for the qualification of teachers in identifying strategies for minimizing and/or invisibly the African continent and its representatives in the work material.