Valoração de resíduos orgânicos em sistemas de biodigestores no contexto da bioeconomia

Abstract

The management of urban solid waste (GRSU) is characterized as one of the main challenges faced by society, with significant impacts on the environmental, social and economic environment and public health. Therefore, currently there are several technologies focused on the treatment of such waste, such as Anaerobic Digestion (AD) through the use of biodigesters to produce energy. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to analyze the implications of the use of biodigesters in the bioeconomy, and quantify the emissions of CO2eq in different scenarios of management and treatment of Organic Solid Waste (RSO). It was used the SWOT matrix methodology that is composed of the methods of evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats aimed at the use of biodigesters for the treatment of CSR, the SWOT matrix wasconsider specialists working in the field of study. It was also performed the calculation of emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the management of RS in a restaurant located in the city of São Luís - MA. The calculation used for gas measurement was through the creation of scenarios taking into account trends in the management of RS. The analysis presented all emissions flows related to waste, calculating the total GHG emissions of all stages of the process in Tons of CO2eq. The results indicated that through biodigesters occurs the reuse of materials classified as waste, inputs or raw material in the manufacture of new products, and the mentioned technology is very promising within the context of renewable energies. The main weak point (negative) identified was in relation to inadequate selective collection, 56% of the experts interviewed said that selective collection in Brazilian municipalities still presents precarious. It was verified economic benefits, through carbon trading and sale of biogas and biofertilizer that are generated in the process of treatment of RS through biodigesters, already known that the biogas produced by biodigesters can be used as a source of energy for various purposes. The downside was the emergence of more attractive renewable energy sources. In the case of CO2eq emissions, it was found that the current technological route, that is, the landfill presented the highest environmental impacts and higher GHG contributions. The biological treatment showed positive impacts in all scenarios analyzed. The study concluded that the biodigesters focused on the treatment of RO for energy production were efficient in terms of CO2 emissions, as well as in the context of CE and consequently of sustainability, in addition to providing the identification of the main points to have greater attention by decision makers who intend to make use of technology, since there are still few studies focused on the subject studied.