Crescimento, componentes da produção e produtividade de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em função da adubação orgânica

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the third most cultivated legume in the world and its importance is related to the fact that its seeds, in addition to having a pleasant flavor, are rich in oil and proteins. Despite its relevance as a source of income for family farming, research work involving organic fertilizer recommendations for peanut cultivation is still scarce. From this perspective, the use of organic fertilizers, such as biofertilizers, can be an important alternative in peanut cultivation. In this context, the research aimed to evaluate peanut production as a function of organic fertilization, verify the productivity of peanuts fertilized with cow urine, biofertilizer, and bovine manure; recommend forms of organic fertilizer that provide the best technical and economic efficiency for peanut production. The research was conducted in the Agriculture sector of the Center for Human, Social and Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Paraíba. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, referring to two peanut cultivars (BR-1 and Tatu common), and six sources of organic fertilizer, namely: no use of fertilizer (SA); cattle manure (EB); biofertilizer (B) and cow urine (UV), cattle manure + biofertilizer (EB+B); cattle manure + cow urine (EB+UV) and four replications, totaling 48 experimental plots. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. Plant height for the BR-1 variety did not differ significantly depending on the fertilizer sources, with an average of 61.5 cm at the 49th DAE and 66.1 cm at the 63rd DAE. The diameter of the main stem depending on the varieties used showed a significant difference only for the BR-1 variety in the 63rd DAE and 77th DAE, the other DAE analyzed did not show a significant difference, with the average diameter varying from 6.03 mm in the 49th DAE at 6.32 mm in the 70th DAE. the variables total production, commercial production, losses, weight of 100 pods and weight of 100 grains were not significantly influenced, with averages of 1,935.35 kg-1 ha-1, 1,826.55 kg-1 ha-1, respectively. 6.22%, 135.68 g, 38.59 g. The BR-1 and Armadillo common peanut varieties responded to the growth variables when they were subjected to treatments using manure + cow urine, manure + biofertilizer and cattle manure. The variables weight of 100 pods, weight of 100 grains and pod diameter were significantly influenced when using the BR-1 variety. The other variables did not show significant statistical differences. In general, treatments using the BR-1 variety, with fertilization with biofertilizer, manure + cow urine and manure + biofertilizer provided better results. Therefore, it is recommended to use them in peanut cultivation.