Ensino dos números inteiros: uma análise sobre alguns livros didáticos

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze the approaches of some textbooks for the teaching of Integer Numbers, in particular the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. To better analyze the didactic works, the National Curricular Parameters (PCN) was used as theoretical reference. The books have been investigated and verified if they meet the suggestions of PCN and what are their limitations in teaching the negative numbers and their advantages in presenting the contents. It was used as methodology the bibliographic research to subsidize the stages of the work, the instruments of research were the didactic books, articles, monographs and the PCN. This research had the need to understand if the approaches of the textbooks in the 7th have some relation with the difficulties presented by many of the students of the 9th year in doing the operations of addition, subtraction in particular multiplication and division, besides the confusion in the Sign rules of positive and negative numbers. Since today, there are suggestions for methodologies and new didactic resources that facilitate the teaching of the teacher and the students' learning. Moreover the negative numbers are surrounded by difficulties mainly in their basic operations and the rules of the signs, historically there was resistance in the acceptance of its existence to represent everyday situations and resolution of equations. Thus, at the end of the research it was possible to perceive that the students also suffer from the same difficulty of interpretation. Whole numbers are a very important theoretical content in the training of students, since they use this knowledge constantly in mathematical problems, in equations and in everyday problems situations.