Avaliação das emissões de material particulado na grande João Pessoa-PB

Abstract

This study investigates air quality in the cities of João Pessoa, Cabedelo, and Santa Rita, in Paraíba, focusing on the assessment of particulate matter (PM) emissions, including fractions such as TSP (total suspended particles), PM10, PM2.5, and PM1. The research was motivated by the increase in industrial and urban activities in the region, impacting public health and the environment. Monitoring was conducted at four stations, located in urban and rural areas, throughout 2023 and 2024, identifying and classifying the main sources of PM emissions, such as fixed and mobile anthropogenic sources. The results showed variations in PM concentrations across different stations and periods. The station located in Santa Rita exhibited the highest pollution levels in August 2024, with PM2.5 values exceeding the limit recommended by Resolution No. 491/2018, indicating an air quality index (AQI) in the "moderate" range. In contrast, the stations in João Pessoa and Cabedelo recorded average concentrations below the legal limits, with air quality predominantly classified as "good." The analysis revealed a strong correlation between PM emissions and factors such as industrial activity, vehicle traffic, and meteorological conditions, which influence the dispersion of pollutants. In addition to characterizing atmospheric pollution, this study proposes mitigation strategies, such as implementing emission control technologies, revising environmental policies, and increasing monitoring coverage to include other air pollutants. The work contributes to understanding pollution dynamics in the Greater João Pessoa area and reinforces the importance of integrated initiatives for air quality management, aiming to protect public health and promote sustainable development.