Monitoramento físico-químico e microbiológico da água da lagoa do paó: a micofiltração como proposta de melhoria da potabilidade

Abstract

Water pollution compromises the ecosystems balance and poses serious risks to human health, which makes physico-chemical and microbiological analyses essential to assess the quality of water resources and direct actions aimed at environmental preservation and public health. This research aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of the water in Lagoa do Paó, located in the municipality of Alagoa Grande-PB. The samples were obtained from a single point in the lake, located in the central region of the municipality, from December 1, 2024 to February 27, 2025. In total, four collections were made and the following parameters were assessed: total alkalinity, total ammonia, chlorides, electrical conductivity, carbon dioxide, total hardness, pH, phosphorus, nitrate, salinity, temperature, turbidity and sulfate, in addition to the identification of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The results indicated high levels of pollution in the Lagoa do Paó. The total ammonia, chlorides, electrical conductivity, phosphorus, hardness, salinity, turbidity, and the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, were above the limits established by Brazilian environmental legislation, indicating low water quality and the need for monitoring and control actions. Our results indicate low quality of the water quality in the lake. Considering these parameters, mycofiltration is suggested as a promising alternative for the removal of contaminants. This biological technology uses mycelia for filtration and has the potential to reduce pollution efficiently and sustainably, without the need of aggressive chemical agents. However, additional research is needed to optimize the process and assess its feasibility. The preservation of Lagoa do Paó will depend on the adoption of this solution integrated with public policies, educational actions, and continuous monitoring of water quality.