Análise da eficiência dos gastos das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior no Brasil

Abstract

Considering the importance of discussing the rational use of resources in education, given its role in micro and macro dimensions of economic and social dimensions, this paper aims to analyze the efficiency of public spending in higher education in Brazil. For this aim, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was undertaken with variable returns to scale and input-oriented analysis, accounting financial data, human resources and outcome indicators (attendance and quality) of 61 federal universities in year 2015. The results indicated that the technical efficiency level of these higher education institutions (HEI), presented an average of 79%, with a 18% dispersion. Considering national regions, a HEI concentration was found in the most efficient classes in the Southeast and Northeast of the country. One of the diagnosed problems of HEI inefficiency is associated with scale problems, where 91.8% of the HEI were classified with increasing or decreasing returns. Finally, based on the model, the HEI wastage level was measured, which generally would need to reduce by 25%, 22% and 43%, respectively, expenses related to costs, number of professors and administrative technicians in order to improve public resources efficiency.