Análise Comparativa entre Biomanta e Enrocamento de Pedras Utilizados na Proteção Superficial de Taludes de Um Complexo Solar Fotovoltaico

Abstract

Solar energy emerges as a solution to the energy crises faced by Brazil. Photovoltaic solar complexes are being constructed to address this issue, creating cut and fill areas with varying slopes. However, frequent rainfall causes erosion on these slopes, threatening the stability of solar panels. Surface protection solutions have been applied to the slopes but proved ineffective due to recurring erosions. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis between two surface protection solutions for slopes in a photovoltaic solar complex located in the cities of Coremas and Pombal, in the hinterland of the state of Paraíba. Five slopes were selected for analysis, two covered with biomat, two with stone riprap, and one without surface protection. Soil characterization revealed that all slopes have SM-type sand, well-graded sand susceptible to erosion. Stability analyses demonstrated that when saturated, all slopes showed Safety Factors below 1.2, indicating mass movements or failures. Soil disaggregation tests revealed high erodibility, as the soil disintegrated rapidly when in contact with water. The slope inclination was identified as a factor that can affect the effectiveness of certain geosynthetic materials, such as biomat. Incompatibility of the coating with slope inclinations may have contributed to erosion problems. It was proven that the stability of slopes in photovoltaic solar complexes is affected by soil erodibility, saturation, and the choice of surface protection materials.