Comportamento e bem-estar de gatos: percepção de tutores vinculados ou não ao curso de medicina veterinária

Abstract

This study was conducted in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, to assess the welfare of domesticated cats by characterizing the owner's profile, environmental conditions, nutritional management, preventive health, and behavioral perception. To this end, a structured questionnaire was administered to cat owners residing in the municipality, totaling 76 valid responses. The results showed that most owners demonstrate concern about providing environmental enrichment resources, such as scratching posts, elevated areas, and observation windows, although gaps remain regarding the adequate number of litter boxes and stimulus rotation. Regarding nutritional management, an adequate perception of the ideal body weight score was observed, but risky practices were observed, such as offering food ad libitum and including homemade food without professional guidance. Preventive health was valued, especially through vaccination, although gaps in regular veterinary monitoring were observed. Regarding behavior, owners recognize emotions and behavioral changes in their cats, but have limited knowledge of fundamental concepts, such as the Five Freedoms. The conclusion is that, although positive practices exist, challenges persist that can compromise cat welfare, especially in households with lower incomes and educational levels. In this context, the importance of disseminating accessible information and practical strategies, such as the use of cardboard boxes, handmade toys, and repurposed shelves, is highlighted. These strategies allow for the reconciliation of low-cost care with the animals' ethological needs. The role of universities and veterinary medicine professionals is essential for the democratization of knowledge and the promotion of the quality of life of cats in different social contexts.