PANORAMA DO HIDROGÊNIO VERDE NO BRASIL: TECNOLOGIA, POLÍTICAS E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS

Abstract

This paper analyzes the landscape of green hydrogen in Brazil, with emphasis on production technologies, the regulatory framework, and the prospects for the country's strategic insertion in the context of the global energy transition. Produced via electrolysis of water supplied by clean sources, green hydrogen has been identified as one of the main ways to reduce emissions in industrial sectors where direct electrification faces technical limitations, including fertilizer manufacturing, the steel industry, and the production of synthetic fuels. The research, of a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive-analytical nature, was based on a literature review, document analysis of public policies, and data collection from official bodies. The main technological routes were examined, highlighting alkaline electrolysis, PEM, and solid oxide, as well as the thermochemical route through biomass gasification, especially sugarcane bagasse, evidencing its synergy with the sugar-energy sector. The results indicate that Brazil is in the preimplementation phase of industrialization, with progress in memoranda of understanding, port hubs, and the formulation of regulatory frameworks. In the Northeast, strategic potential is observed due to the high availability of solar and wind energy. It is concluded that green hydrogen represents an opportunity to diversify the national energy matrix and strengthen the integrated biorefinery model, especially in the context of the sugarcane and ethanol sector, potentially positioning Brazil as a protagonist in the low-carbon economy.