O paradoxo da tolerância nas mídias alternativas: a nova direita e a era da pós-verdade

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how the expansion of tolerance and the use of social media have fueled the proliferation of disinformation, post-truth, and the rise of hate speech promoted by the New Right, generating a dilemma in which freedom of expression threatens the very foundations of a tolerant society. Based on this objective, the justification rests on the academic, legal, and social relevance of the debate on freedom of expression, disinformation, alternative media, and democracy, especially in digital contexts marked by polarization, institutional erosion, and a crisis of public trust. In this scenario, the problem guiding the investigation is expressed in the following question: in what aspect might the paradox of tolerance in alternative media influence the New Right and the Post-Truth Era? To support this investigation, the theoretical framework draws on key authors on tolerance, democracy, alternative media, the New Right, and post-truth, such as Popper (1974), Bobbio (1986; 2004; 2012), D’Ancona (2018), Empoli (2019), Peruzzo (2023; 2025), Moscoso (2020), Rosa (2019), Teitelbaum (2020), Sarlet (2024), Charaudeau (2015; 2022), Vattimo (1990), and Holiday (2022), articulating political communication, political philosophy, constitutional law, and democratic theory. Based on this theoretical and analytical approach, the main conclusions indicate that unrestricted tolerance in digital environments favors the legitimization of intolerant discourses, the normalization of disinformation, and the weakening of democratic deliberation, requiring normative, communicational, and institutional strategies capable of protecting freedom of expression without validating practices that erode democracy itself. The work demonstrated that alternative media operate with flexible structures and depend on digital social networks, expanding circulation and visibility, but also favoring ideological capture. It was evidenced that algorithmic logic prioritizes emotionally charged content, intensifying disinformation and polarization. It was found that post-truth functions as a symptom of communicational instability, guiding informational consumption through beliefs and affiliations. The results indicated a weakening of public deliberation and institutional trust. The historical influence on the rise of the New Right and the need to apply the paradox of tolerance to preserve democracy in digital contexts marked by political disputes were confirmed.