Avaliação do potencial antioxidante do sapoti (Manilkara zapota L.)

Abstract

Fruits are rich in phenolic compounds, these compounds have antioxidant roles in the human body, helping to prevent and combat chronic non-infectious diseases. The presence of these compounds in fruits has already been associated with anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Thus, the objective of this project was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the sapotizeiro (Manilkara zapota L.) fruits against different mechanisms of action, since there is a shortage of literature on the potential of this fruit. Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity analyzes were carried out using the DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays, aiming to encourage the use of this fruit as a source of bioactive compounds. The sapotizeiro fruits used in this research came from João Pessoa, (Sapoti-Torre-PB), SP2 (Sapoti Valentina-PB), whereas the SP3 (Sapoti-Parnaíba-PI) pulp came from the Parnaíba-PI region. In the phenolic profile analysis, the major compounds found were catechin, hesperidin and procyanidin B2. This analysis highlighted the SP3 sample, which had the highest amount of compounds detected. In the antioxidant capacity tests, the SP1 sample had the highest phenolic content (16.24 mg gallic acid/100 g sample). The SP1 sample also presented high antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (12.6 μmol TEAC/100 g sample) and FRAP (52.64 μmol TEAC/100 g sample). According to the phenolic profile, this sample stands out for the high content of procyanidin B1 (0.22 mg / 100g pulp) and hesperidin (0.58 mg / 100g pulp). Through correlation analysis a strong correlation of these compounds was observed on the DPPH and FRAP assay, hesperidin r = 0.94 and r = 1.00; procyanidin B1 r = 094 and r = 0.81; respectively. In the ORAC assay, the SP2 pulp presented the highest antioxidant capacity (234.38 μmol TEAC/100 g sample). In the ORAC assay, the SP2 pulp presented higher antioxidant capacity (234.38 μmol TEAC / 100 g sample). In the correlation analysis, the ORAC assay showed a strong correlation with catechin (r = 0.97), procyanidin A2 (r = 1.00), kampferol 3-glycoside (r = 1.00). Thus, the sapoti is an important source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential, and it’s been observed that it may contribute to our health due to its high capacity to neutralize free radicals, ending its chain of reactions before they become harmful to molecules in the human organism.